Electronic fundamentals

Basic Module 4

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Applicability

This module is required for the following AML categories:

Topics

Issued on Regulation (EU) 2018/1142

Semiconductors

Diodes
- (A)
  - Diode symbols;
  - Diode characteristics and properties;
  - Diodes in series and parallel;
  - Main characteristics and use of silicon controlled rectifiers (thyristors), light emitting diode, photo conductive diode, varistor, rectifier diodes;
  - Functional testing of diodes.
- (B)
  - Materials, electron configuration, electrical properties;
  - P and N type materials: effects of impurities on conduction, majority and minority characters;
  - PN junction in a semiconductor, development of a potential across a PN junction in unbiased, forward biased and reverse biased conditions;
  - Diode parameters: peak inverse voltage, maximum forward current, temperature, frequency, leakage current, power dissipation;
  - Operation and function of diodes in the following circuits: clippers, clampers, full and half wave rectifiers, bridge rectifiers, voltage doublers and triplers;
  - Detailed operation and characteristics of the following devices: silicon controlled rectifier (thyristor), light emitting diode, Schottky diode, photo conductive diode, varactor diode, varistor, rectifier diodes, Zener diode.
Transistors
- (A)
  - Transistor symbols;
  - Component description and orientation;
  - Transistor characteristics and properties.
- (B)
  - Construction and operation of PNP and NPN transistors;
  - Base, collector and emitter configurations;
  - Testing of transistors;
  - Basic appreciation of other transistor types and their uses;
  - Application of transistors: classes of amplifier (A, B, C);
  - Simple circuits including: bias, decoupling, feedback and stabilisation;
  - Multistage circuit principles: cascades, push-pull, oscillators, multivibrators, flip-flop circuits.
Integrated Circuits
- (A)
  - Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits/operational amplifiers;
- (B)
  - Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits;
  - Introduction to operation and function of an operational amplifier used as: integrator, differentiator, voltage follower, comparator;
  - Operation and amplifier stages connecting methods: resistive capacitive, inductive (transformer), inductive resistive (IR), direct;
  - Advantages and disadvantages of positive and negative feedback.

Printed Circuit Boards

Description and use of printed circuit boards.

Servomechanisms

(A)
- Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop systems, feedback, follow up, analogue transducers;
- Principles of operation and use of the following synchro system components/features: resolvers, differential, control and torque, transformers, inductance and capacitance transmitters;
(B)
- Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop, follow up, servomechanism, analogue, transducer, null, damping, feedback, deadband;
- Construction operation and use of the following synchro system components: resolvers, differential, control and torque, E and I transformers, inductance transmitters, capacitance transmitters, synchronous transmitters;
- Servomechanism defects, reversal of synchro leads, hunting.

Examination

AML Cat B1
20 multi-choice and 0 essay questions.
Time allowed: 25 minutes.
AML Cat B2
40 multi-choice and 0 essay questions.
Time allowed: 50 minutes.

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